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NCI CANCERLIT® Search: Diagnosis-Histopathology-Pathogenesis of Gastric Cancer - June 2002
National Cancer Institute®
Ultima Vez Modificado: 1 de junio del 2002
- Risk factors suggesting malignant transformation of gastric adenoma: univariate and multivariate analysis.
- Metastatic tumors to the stomach: analysis of 54 patients diagnosed at endoscopy and 347 autopsy cases.
- Poor prognosis associated with thrombocytosis in patients with gastric cancer.
- The value of MG7 antigen in predicting cancerous change in dysplastic gastric mucosa.
- Clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies. A
- Function of apoptosis and expression of the proteins Bcl-2, p53 and C-myc in the development of gastric cancer.
- Relationship between ABO blood groups and carcinoma of esophagus and cardia in Chaoshan inhabitants of China.
- Glutathione S-transferases M1, T1 genotypes and the risk of gastric cancer: a case-control study.
- Expression, deletion [was deleton] and mutation of p16 gene in human gastric cancer.
- Telomere erosion is independent of microsatellite instability but related to loss of heterozygosity in gastric cancer.
- Dietary protective and risk factors for esophageal and stomach cancers in a low-epidemic area for stomach cancer in Jiangsu Province, China:
- [Statistics of lung, stomach and esophageal cancer: status of oncological care, morbidity and mortality]
- H. pylori and gastric cancer: the Asian enigma.
- Consumption of wine stored in leather wine bottles and incidence of gastric cancer.
- Cytochrome P450 2E1 genetic polymorphism and gastric cancer in Changle, Fujian Province.
- Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of Sulindac on Human gastric cancer cells.
- Association of H. pylori infection with gastric carcinoma: a Meta analysis.
- Involvement of cancer-activating genes on chromosomes 7 and 8 in esophageal (Barrett's) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.
- Mucinous versus nonmucinous gastric carcinoma: differentiation with helical CT.
- Implication of anti-parietal cell antibody levels in gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric carcinogenesis.
- The epidemiology of gastric cancer.
- Molecular biology of gastric cancer.
- Staging, stage migration, and patterns of spread in gastric cancer.
- Gastric cancer--patterns of relapse after surgical resection.
- Fas (Apo-1/CD95) and Fas ligand interaction between gastric cancer cells and immune cells.
- hOGG1 Ser(326)Cys polymorphism and modification by environmental factors of stomach cancer risk in Chinese.
- Associated primary tumors in patients with gastric cancer.
- Associated primary tumors in patients with gastric cancer.
- Different roles of p53 between Epstein-Barr virus-positive and -negative gastric carcinomas of matched histology.
- Beta-catenin mutations in sporadic fundic gland polyps.
- A review of epidemiological studies on cancer in relation to the use of anti-ulcer drugs.
- Stomach cancer and occupation in Sweden: 1971-89.
- [Carcinoma of the stomach and regional metastases]
- Staging of gastric cancer: a study with spiral computed tomography, ultrasonography, laparoscopy, and laparoscopic ultrasonography.
- Enhanced expression of decay-accelerating factor and CD59/homologous restriction factor 20 in intestinal metaplasia, gastric adenomas and
- Expression of G1 phase cyclins in human gastric cancer and gastric mucosa of first-degree relatives.
- Pernicious anemia and stomach cancer.
- Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer.
- Dietary habits and epidemiology of gastric carcinoma.
- Genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer.
- Gastric carcinoma in young adults.
- Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer in Spain.
- Misconceptions on early gastric cancer in Japan.
- Intraoperative chemohyperthermic peritoneal perfusion as an adjuvant to gastric cancer: final results of a randomized controlled study.
- DNA ploidy patterns in advanced gastric carcinoma; is it a clinically applicable prognosticator?
- The prognosis of stage IV gastric carcinoma patients after curative resection.
- Promoter methylation status of the DNA repair genes hMLH1 and MGMT in gastric carcinoma and metaplastic mucosa.
- Interobserver agreement in staging gastric malt lymphoma by EUS.
- Screening E-cadherin in gastric cancer families reveals germline mutations only in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer kindred.
- Novel germline CDH1 mutations in hereditary diffuse gastric cancer families.
- Probability of lymph node metastasis in small gastric cancer tumor: is it an indication for limited surgery?
Table of Contents
1
UI - 11437043
AU - Park DI; Rhee PL; Kim JE; Hyun JG; Kim YH; Son HJ; Kim JJ; Paik SW; Rhee
TI -
JC; Choi KW; Oh YL
Risk factors suggesting malignant transformation of gastric adenoma:
univariate and multivariate analysis.
SO - Endoscopy 2001 Jun;33(6):501-6
AD - Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan
University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Since gastric adenomas are precancerous
lesions, polypectomy is necessary. However, there have been no reports
suggesting factors capable of predicting malignant transformation of
gastric adenomas removed by endoscopic snare polypectomy (ESP) or
endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in Korea, a country in which gastric
cancer is a major problem. The aim of this paper was to elucidate the
risk factors suggesting malignant transformation of gastric adenomas
removed by ESP or EMR at our center. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between
of endoscopy and histological examinations of the forceps biopsy
specimens obtained were treated by ESP or EMR at our department. Factors
capable of predicting malignancy were searched for in the endoscopy
reports, still photographs, and histopathological findings. RESULTS:
Eight of the 118 adenomas ultimately proved to have malignant foci. In
the univariate analysis, four of the variables studied--location,
histological type, surface redness, and degree of dysplasia--had a
statistically significant relationship with malignant transformation. In
the multivariate analysis, only the degree of dysplasia had a
statistically significant relationship with malignant transformation.
CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a diagnosis of high-grade
dysplasia in forceps biopsy material should be considered an absolute
indication for ESP or EMR.
2
UI - 11437044
AU - Oda; Kondo H; Yamao T; Saito D; Ono H; Gotoda T; Yamaguchi H; Yoshida S;
TI -
Shimoda T
Metastatic tumors to the stomach: analysis of 54 patients diagnosed at
endoscopy and 347 autopsy cases.
SO - Endoscopy 2001 Jun;33(6):507-10
AD - Dept of Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center
Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: There have been several published reports on
metastatic lesions in the stomach, but the numbers of cases have been
limited due to the low frequency of the condition. The present study
examined the clinicopathological features of metastatic tumors in the
stomach from distant sites in a large series of cases. PATIENTS AND
METHODS: A total of 389 patients with gastric metastases from solid
malignant tumors were examined between 1968 and 1998 at our institution.
Of these, 347 were identified from a series of 6380 autopsy cases; 54
patients were diagnosed endoscopically while alive, 12 of whom had
confirmation of the condition at autopsy. RESULTS: In the endoscopically
diagnosed cases, the metastases presented as solitary (65%) or multiple
lesions (35 %), and were more frequently located in the middle or upper
third of the stomach. Although the endoscopic appearance often resembled
that of submucosal tumor (51%) or primary gastric cancer (39%), the
final diagnosis was easily obtained in over 90% of cases from endoscopic
biopsies. In two cases of lung cancer and breast cancer, gastric
metastases were found before the primary tumors. In the autopsy cases
with solid malignancies, metastatic lesions to the stomach were found in
5.4%, and the lung, breast, and esophagus were common primary sites.
Malignant melanoma was the most frequent tumor to metastasize to the
stomach (29.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Since metastatic lesions to the stomach
are rare, the above characteristics of the lesions should be borne in
mind, and biopsies should be taken for precise diagnosis during
endoscopic examinations.
3
UI - 11923136
AU - Ikeda M; Furukawa H; Imamura H; Shimizu J; Ishida H; Masutani S; Tatsuta
TI -
M; Satomi T
Poor prognosis associated with thrombocytosis in patients with gastric
cancer.
SO - Ann Surg Oncol 2002 Apr;9(3):287-91
AD - Department of Surgery, Sakai Municipal Hospital, Sakai, Japan.
mikeda@surg2.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
BACKGROUND: Thrombocytosis is commonly associated with malignant disease
and has recently been suggested to be a poor prognostic indicator in
patients with lung cancer and gynecological cancers. The prevalence of
thrombocytosis in patients with gastric cancer was reviewed, and its
association with poor prognosis was investigated. METHODS: Platelet
count (PLT) and hemoglobin concentrations (Hb) were reviewed in 369
consecutive patients with histologically verified gastric cancer from
1994 to 2000. Differences between categories were analyzed with analysis
of variance, and survival was compared by using the log-rank test on the
Kaplan-Meier life table. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used
to evaluate whether thrombocytosis is an independent prognostic marker.
RESULTS: Thrombocytosis was found in 42 patients, and anemia was found
in 200 patients. PLT was negatively correlated with Hb. Mean PLT was
significantly increased in patients with noncurative operations. There
was a positive correlation between the depth of tumor invasion and PLT.
One- and 3-year survival expectancies in patients with or without
thrombocytosis were 52.4% and 23.4% and 85.7% and 72.9%, respectively.
PLT was identified as an independent prognostic factor after lymph node
metastasis and depth of tumor invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombocytosis is
an independent prognostic indicator of survival in patients with gastric
cancer.
4
UI - 12018818
AU - Liu J; Hu JL; Zhang XY; Qiao TD; Chen XT; Wu KC; Ding J; Fan DM
TI -
The value of MG7 antigen in predicting cancerous change in dysplastic
gastric mucosa.
SO - Int J Clin Pract 2002 Apr;56(3):169-72
AD - Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military
Medical University, Xi'an, China.
The aim of this study was to ascertain whether MG7Ag is a useful
predictor of evolution of gastric dysplasia to carcinoma. A total of
1090 patients with confirmed dysplasia were stained
immunohistochemically with MG7 monoclonal antibody by the ABC method. A
prospective follow-up study was undertaken on 19 patients with MG7Ag
positive staining and 16 with MG7 negative staining over a period of
10-78 months. The expression of MG7Ag was also compared in another two
groups by conducting retrospective studies. One group showed an
evolution into gastric cancer over 2-4 years, the other did not.
Quantitative analysis of MG7Ag expression was carried out on the last
two groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve and Youden index
were used to assess the best critical value for MG7Ag. MG7Ag was found
positive in 456/1090 cases (41.8%) with dysplasia. Prospective follow-up
of 35 patients showed that 6/19 patients with MG7Ag positive staining
developed gastric cancer, but there were no carcinomatous changes in 16
patients with MG7 negative staining. The results of MG7Ag expression in
72 cases with retrospective follow-up showed there were 24 with positive
immunostaining among 34 cancerous cases (70.6%), and only 7 in 38
non-cancerous cases (18.4%) (p<0.01). Image analysis showed that an
average MG7Ag density index ++0.19 could be regarded as the critical
value for high risk of gastric mucosa with dysplasia evolving to cancer.
Positive MG7Ag expression in gastric mucosa of patients with dysplasia,
especially in cases with a density index ++0.19, was an indicator of
high risk of malignant change.
5
UI - 11437039
AU - Mortensen MB; Pless T; Durup J; Ainsworth AP; Plagborg GJ; Hovendal C
TI -
Clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration
biopsy in patients with upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies. A
prospective study.
SO - Endoscopy 2001 Jun;33(6):478-83
AD - Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Odense University Hospital,
Denmark. m.bau@dadlnet.dk
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Several studies have evaluated the accuracy
of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB)
in the upper gastrointestinal tract, but so far no studies have
specifically evaluated the clinical impact of EUS-FNAB in upper
gastrointestinal tract cancer patients. In this consecutive and
prospective study, EUS-FNAB was only performed if a positive malignant
finding would change the therapeutic strategy. PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Between 1997 and 1999, 307 consecutive patients were referred for EUS
with a diagnosis or strong suspicion of esophageal, gastric or
pancreatic cancer; 274 patients were potential candidates for surgical
treatment and had EUS. According to predefined impact criteria, 27%
(75/274) of the patients had EUS-FNAB for staging or diagnostic reasons.
RESULTS: The overall clinical impact of EUS-FNAB was 13%, 14%, and 30%
in esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer, respectively. The
staging-related clinical impact was similar for all three types of
cancer (11-12.5%), whereas the diagnosis-related impact was highest in
pancreatic cancer patients (86%). EUS-FNAB was inadequate in 13% and
gave false-negative results in 5%. The overall sensitivity, specificity
and accuracy for EUS-FNAB were 80%, 78% and 80%, respectively. No
complications related to the biopsy procedure were seen. CONCLUSIONS: If
EUS-FNAB was performed only in cases where a positive malignant result
would change patient management, then approximately one out of four
patients with upper gastrointestinal tract cancer would require a
biopsy. With this approach the actual clinical impact of EUS-FNAB ranged
from 13% in esophageal cancer to 30% in pancreatic cancer. EUS-FNAB
plays a limited, but very important clinical role in the assessment of
upper gastrointestinal tract cancer.
6
UI - 11819799
AU - Xu AG; Li SG; Liu JH; Gan AH
TI -
Function of apoptosis and expression of the proteins Bcl-2, p53 and
C-myc in the development of gastric cancer.
SO - World J Gastroenterol 2001 Jun;7(3):403-6
AD - Research Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Huizhou Central People's
Hospital, No.41 Elingbei Road, Huizhou 516001, Guangdong Province,
China.
7
UI - 11819849
AU - Su M; Lu SM; Tian DP; Zhao H; Li XY; Li DR; Zheng ZC
TI -
Relationship between ABO blood groups and carcinoma of esophagus and
cardia in Chaoshan inhabitants of China.
SO - World J Gastroenterol 2001 Oct;7(5):657-61
AD - Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou
515031,China. minsu@ncrc.stu.edu.cn
AIM:To study the relationship between ABO blood groups and carcinoma of
esophagus and cardia in Chaoshan inhabitants of China, which is a unique
Littoral high-risk area of esophageal carcinoma in China. The poor
communication and transportation in the past has made Chaoshan a
relatively closed area and kept its culture and custure of old China
thousand years ago. METHODS: Data on age, sex, ABO blood type and X-ray
or pathological diagnose of the patients with carcinoma of esophagus or
cardia were collected from the Tumor Hospital. First Affiliated
Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical
College; and the Central Hospital of Shantou and the Central Hospital of
Jieyang. A total of 6685 patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC) and
2955 patients with cardiac cancer (CC) in Chaoshan district were
retrospectively assessed for their association with ABO blood groups.
RESULTS: The distribution of ABO blood groups in patients with EC or CC
was similar to the normal local population in Chaoshan. However, blood
group B in male patients with CC and in the patients with carcinoma in
the upper third esophagus was 2.3% and 4.7% higher than the
corresponding controls. The relative risk B O was 1.1415 (P<0.05) and
1.2696 (P<0.05), respectively. No relationship was found between ABO
blood groups and tumor differentiation. CONCLUSION: ABO blood group B is
associated with the incidence of CC in male individuals and carcinoma in
the upper third esophagus. The distribution of ABO blood groups varies
in the different geographical and ethnic groups. As a result, proper
controls are very important for such studies.
8
UI - 11819818
AU - Cai L; Yu SZ; Zhang ZF
TI -
Glutathione S-transferases M1, T1 genotypes and the risk of gastric
cancer: a case-control study.
SO - World J Gastroenterol 2001 Aug;7(4):506-9
AD - Department of Epidemiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004,
Fujian Province, China. zjcailin@pub5.fz.fj.cn
AIM: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the
detoxification of many potential carcinogens and appear to play a
critical role in the protection from the effects of carcinogens. The
contribution of glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 genotypes to
susceptibility to the risk of gastric cancer and their interaction with
cigarette smoking are still unclear. The aim of this study was to
determine whether there was any relationship between genetic
polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTT1 and gastric cancer. METHODS: A
population based case-control study was carried out in a high-risk area,
Changle County, Fujian Province, China. The epidemiological data were
collected by a standard questionnaire and blood samples were obtained
from 95 incidence gastric cancer cases and 94 healthy controls. A
polymerase chain reaction method was used to detect the presence or
absence of the GSTT1 and GSTT1 genes in genomic DNA. Logistic regression
model was employed in the data analysis. RESULTS: An increase in risk
for gastric cancer was found among carriers of GSTT1 null genotype. The
adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.63 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI)
1.17-5.88, after controlling for age, gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol
drinking, and fish sauce intake. The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype in
cancer cases (43.16%) was not significantly different from that in
controls (50.00%). However, the risk for gastric cancer in those with
GSTT1 null and GSTT1 non-null genotype was significantly higher than in
those with both GSTT1 and GSTT1 non-null genotype (OR = 2.77, 95% CI
1.15-6.77). Compared with those subjects who never smoked and had normal
GSTT1 genotype, ORs were 1.60 (95% CI:0.62-4.19) for never smokers with
GSTT1 null type, 2.33 (95% CI 0.88-6.28) for smokers with normal GSTT1,
and 8.06 (95% CI 2.83-23.67) for smokers with GSTT1 null type.
CONCLUSIONS: GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with genetic
susceptibility of stomach cancer and may modulate tobacco-related
carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.
9
UI - 11819820
AU - He XS; Su Q; Chen ZC; He XT; Long ZF; Ling H; Zhang LR
TI -
Expression, deletion [was deleton] and mutation of p16 gene in human
gastric cancer.
SO - World J Gastroenterol 2001 Aug;7(4):515-21
AD - The Oncology Institute of Center South University, Changsha 410078,
Hunan Province, China. hxs59@hotmail.com
AIM: To investigate the relationship between the expression of p16 gene
and the gastric carcinogenesis, depth of invasion and lymph node
metastases, and to evaluate the deletion and mutation of exon 2 in p16
gene in gastric carcinoma. METHODS: The expression of p16 protein was
examined by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated method (S-P);the deletion
and mutation of p16 gene were respectively examined by polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation
polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) in gastric carcinoma. RESULTS:
Expression of p16 protein was detected in 96.25% (77/80) of the normal
gastric mucosa, in 92.00% (45/50) of the dysplastic gastric mucosa and
in 47.54% (58/122) of the gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of p16
protein expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than
that in normal gastric mucosa and dysplastic gastric mucosa (P < 0.05).
The positive rate of p16 protein expression in mucoid carcinoma 10.00%
(1/10) was significantly lower than that in poorly differentiated
carcinoma 51.22% (21/41), undifferentiated carcinoma 57.69% (15/26) and
signet ring cell carcinoma 62.50% (10/16) (P < 0.05). The positive rate
of p16 protein in 30 cases paired primary and lymph node metastatic
gastric carcinoma: There was 46.67% (14/30) in primary gastric
carcinoma, 16.67% (5/30) in lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma. The
positive rate of lymph node metastatic carcinoma was significantly lower
than that of primary carcinoma (P < 0.05). There was of p16 gene
mutation in exon 2, but 5 cases displayed deletion of p16 gene in exon 2
in the 25 primary gastric carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: The expression loss
of p16 protein related to the gastric carcinogenesis, gastric carcinoma
histopathological subtypes and lymph metastasis. The mutation of p16
gene in exon 2 may not be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. But the
deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 may be involved in gastric
carcinogenesis.
10
UI - 11819821
AU - Fang DC; Yang SM; Zhou XD; Wang DX; Luo YH
TI -
Telomere erosion is independent of microsatellite instability but
related to loss of heterozygosity in gastric cancer.
SO - World J Gastroenterol 2001 Aug;7(4):522-6
AD - Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University, Chongqing
400038,China. fangdianchun@hotmail.com
AIM: To correlate the length of the telomere to microsatellite
instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of APC, MCC and DCC
genes in gastric carcinomas. METHODS: Telomeric restriction fragment
(TRF) length of gastric cancer was measured with Southern blot. LOH of
APC, MCC and DCC genes, microsatellite instability (MSI) and frameshift
mutation of hMSH6, TGF-betaRII and BAX genes were analyzed by PCR-based
methods. RESULTS: Sixty-eight cases of sporadic gastric carcinoma were
studied for MSI using five microsatellite markers. MSI in at least one
locus was detected in 17 (25%) of 68 tumors analyzed. Frameshift
mutations of hMSH6, TGF-betaRII and BAX were detected in 2,6 and 3 of
gastric carcinomas respectively showing high MSI (> or = 2 loci, n = 8),
but none was found in those showing low MSI (only one locus, n = 9) or
MSS (tumor lacking MSI or stable, n = 51). Thirty-five cases, including
all high MSI and low MSI, were studied for TRF. The mean TRF length was
not correlated with clinicopathological parameters. No association was
observed between TRF length and MSI or frameshift mutation. On the
contrary, LOH at the DCC locus was related to telomere shortening
(P<0.01). This tendency was also observed in APC and MCC genes, although
there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The development of
gastric cancer can arise through two different genetic pathways. In high
MSI gastric cancers, defective mismatch repair allows mutations to
accumulate and generate the high MSI phenotype. In gastric cancers
showing either low MSI or MSS, multiple deletions may represent the LOH
pathway. Telomere erosion is independent of high MSI phenotype but
related to the LOH pathway in gastric cancer.
11
UI - 11714439
AU - Takezaki T; Gao CM; Wu JZ; Ding JH; Liu YT; Zhang Y; Li SP; Su P; Liu
TI -
TK; Tajima K
Dietary protective and risk factors for esophageal and stomach cancers
in a low-epidemic area for stomach cancer in Jiangsu Province, China:
comparison with those in a high-epidemic area.
SO - Jpn J Cancer Res 2001 Nov;92(11):1157-65
AD - Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research
Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681. ttakezak@aichi-cc.jp
Comparative epidemiological studies with ecological and case-control
approaches in high- and low-epidemic areas of China have provided us
with much evidence with regard to risk and benefit in the environment.
To clarify how dietary factors are involved in esophageal and stomach
cancer development, we performed a case-control study in a low-epidemic
area, and compared the findings with those obtained earlier for a
high-epidemic area for stomach cancer in the same Jiangsu Province,
China. We recruited 199 and 187 cases with esophageal and stomach
cancers, respectively, and 333 population-based common controls. Odds
ratios (ORs) for esophageal and stomach cancers were calculated with
adjustment for potential confounding factors, using an unconditional
logistic model. Current and former smoking elevated the OR for
esophageal cancer, along with high intake of pickled vegetables and
broiled meat, while decreased ORs were observed for frequently consumed
raw vegetables and garlic. With regard to stomach cancer, ORs were
increased with frequent consumption of salty fish, leftover gruel, and
broiled meat, and lowered by snap bean consumption. The present risk
factors were common to the previously obtained results in the
high-epidemic area, and similarly distributed in each general
population. While more protective factors were observed in the
high-epidemic area, their penetrance was much greater in the
low-epidemic area. The present study thus suggests that frequent
vegetable and garlic consumption contributes to low mortality rates for
esophageal and stomach cancers in a low-epidemic area, counteracting
similar exposure levels for risk factors as in the high-epidemic area.
12
UI - 11676259
AU - Aksel' EM; Davydov MI; Ushakova TI
TI -
[Statistics of lung, stomach and esophageal cancer: status of
oncological care, morbidity and mortality]
SO - Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk 2001;(9):61-5
Lung cancer is the most common pattern of malignant neoplasms in males,
gastric cancer ranks next. In the female pattern of cancer morbidity,
gastric cancer is third in the incidence of tumors, pulmonary cancer
occupies the 9th place. Esophageal cancer accounts for 3%. In the
mortality pattern, lung cancer holds the lead in males and ranks 4th in
females, gastric cancer is second in both sexes, esophageal cancer
occupies the 7th place in males. In 1999 the standardized incidence
rates of cancer of the lung were 64.8 and 6.8 in males and females,
respectively. Those of the stomach and esophagus were 33.6 and 7.2 in
males and 6.8 and 1.2 in females, respectively. There were tendencies
for decreases in the morbidity and mortality of cancer at these sites in
1990 to 1999. The morphological verification of diagnosis of lung cancer
does not reached 50%, this is higher for cancer of the stomach (71.6%)
and esophagus (67.7%). There has been an increase in the proportion of
patients with Stage IV disease in all tumor forms in question. The basic
treatment for cancer of the stomach and lung was surgical (82.2 and
38.6%, respectively) and that for esophageal cancer is radiation
(47.6%). As little as 10% of patients with gastric and lung cancer
survive over 5 years. In esophageal cancer, this figure is much less
(5%).
13
UI - 12014714
AU - Miwa H; Go MF; Sato N
TI -
H. pylori and gastric cancer: the Asian enigma.
SO - Am J Gastroenterol 2002 May;97(5):1106-12
AD - Department of Gastroenterology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine,
Tokyo, Japan.
The actual distribution of Helicobacter pylori infection and its related
diseases in various Asian countries is controversial. Only limited
information is available regarding this issue. We discuss the
etiological role of H. pylori in gastric cancer through the Asian
experience. Seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in asymptomatic
subjects and the annual incidence rate of gastric cancer per 100,000 in
various Asian countries are summarized from literature reviews and World
Health Organization statistics, respectively. There is a large
intercountry variation in incidence of gastric cancer and H. pylori
seroprevalence among Asian countries. There is a strong link between H.
pylori infection and gastric cancer in many countries, such as Japan. By
contrast, the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high in some
countries, including India and Bangladesh, but low gastric cancer rates
have been reported. These disparate observations represent the Asian
enigma. Factors that may influence the etiology of gastric cancer
include the genetic diversity of the infecting H. pylori strains and
differences in the host genetic background in various ethnic groups,
including gastric acid secretion and genetic polymorphisms in
proinflammatory cytokines. These factors, in addition to environmental
factors, such as personal hygiene and dietary habits, reflect the
multifactorial etiology of gastric cancer.
14
UI - 11958557
AU - Lopez-Abente G; Sanz-Anquela JM; Gonzalez CA
TI -
Consumption of wine stored in leather wine bottles and incidence of
gastric cancer.
SO - Arch Environ Health 2001 Nov-Dec;56(6):559-61
AD - Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III
Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain. glabente@isciii.es
The authors conducted a survey among participants of a large-scale
case-control study to evaluate a possible association between
consumption of wine in leather bottles and incidence of gastric cancer.
There were 59 cases and 53 controls in the study. The results suggest
that some of the components of the complex mixture (i.e., tar) used in
the proofing of leather wine bottles might dissolve in the wine and
participate in the etiology of gastric cancer. Nevertheless, the results
should be confirmed in an independent study.
15
UI - 11854903
AU - Cai L; Yu SZ; Zhan ZF
TI -
Cytochrome P450 2E1 genetic polymorphism and gastric cancer in Changle,
Fujian Province.
SO - World J Gastroenterol 2001 Dec;7(6):792-5
AD - Department of Epidemiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004,
Fujian Province, China. zjcailin@pub5.fz.fj.cn
AIM: Genetic polymorphism in enzymes of carcinogen metabolism has been
found to have the influence on the susceptibility to cancer. Cytochrome
P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is considered to play an important role in the
metabolic activation of procarcinogens such as N-nitrosoamines and low
molecular weight organic compounds. The purpose of this study is to
determine whether CYP450 2E1 polymorphisms are associated with risks of
gastric cancer. METHODS: We conducted a population based case-control
study in Changle county, Fujian Province, a high-risk region of gastric
cancer in China. Ninety-one incident gastric cancer patients and
ninety-four healthy controls were included in our study. Datas including
demographic characteristics, diet intake, and alcohol and tobacco
consumption of individuals in our study were completed by a standardized
questionnaire.PCR-RFLP revealed three genotypes:heterozygote (C1/C2) and
two homozygotes (C1/C1 and C2/C2) in CYP2E1. RESULTS: The frequency of
variant genotypes (C1/C2 and C2/C2) in gastric cancer cases and controls
was 36.3% and 24.5%, respectively. The rare homozygous C2/C2 genotype
was found in 6 individuals in gastric cancer group(6.6%), whereas there
was only one in the control group (1.1%). However, there was no
statistically significant difference between the two groups (two-tailed
Fisher's exact test P=0.066). Individuals in gastric cancer group were
more likely to carry genotype C1/C2 (odds ratio, OR=1.50) and C2/C2
(OR=7.34) than individuals in control group (chi(2) =4.597, for trend
P=0.032). The frequencies of genotypes with the C2 allele (C1/C2 and
C2/C2 genotypes) were compared with those of genotypes without C2 allele
(C1/C1 genotype) among individuals in gastric cancer group and control
group according to the pattern of gastric cancer risk factors. The
results show that individuals who exposed to these gastric cancer risk
factors and carry the C2 allele seemed to have a higher risk of
developing gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Polymorphism of CYP2E1 gene may
have some effect in the development of gastric cancer in Changle county,
Fujian Province.
16
UI - 11854904
AU - Wu YL; Sun B; Zhang XJ; Wang SN; He HY; Qiao MM; Zhong J; Xu JY
TI -
Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of Sulindac on Human gastric
cancer cells.
SO - World J Gastroenterol 2001 Dec;7(6):796-800
AD - Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical
University, Shanghai 200025, China. Sunborjxh@yahoo.com.cn
AIM: To evaluate the effects of sulindac in inducing growth inhibition
and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells in comparison with human
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. METHODS: The human gastric cancer
cell lines MKN45 and MKN28 and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
HepG(2) and SMMC7721 were used for the study. Anti-proliferative effect
was measured by MTT assay, and apoptosis was determined by Hoechst-33258
staining, electronography and DNA fragmentation. The protein of
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Bcl-2 were detected by Western dot
blotting. RESULTS: Sulindac could initiate growth inhibition and
apoptosis of MKN45, MKN28, HepG(2) and SMMC7721 cells in a dose-and
time-dependent manner. Growth inhibitory activity and apoptosis were
more sensitive in HepG(2) cells than in SMMC7721 cells, MKN45 and MKN28
cells. After 24 hours incubation with sulindac at 2mmol x L(-1) and
4mmol x L(-1), the level of COX-2 and Bcl-2 protein were lowered in
MKN45, SMMC7721 and HepG(2) cells but not in MKN28 cells. CONCLUSION:
Sulindac could inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells and HCC cells
effectively in vitro by apoptosis induction, which was associated with
regression of COX-2 and Bcl-2 expression. The growth inhibition and
apoptosis of HCC cells were greater than that of human gastric cancer
cells. The different effects of apoptosis in gastric cancer cells may be
related to the differentiation of the cells.
17
UI - 11854905
AU - Xue FB; Xu YY; Wan Y; Pan BR; Ren J; Fan DM
TI -
Association of H. pylori infection with gastric carcinoma: a Meta
analysis.
SO - World J Gastroenterol 2001 Dec;7(6):801-4
AD - Department of Health Statistics, the Fourth Military Medical University,
Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China. alnico@sohu.com
AIM: To follow the principles of evidence based medicine to reach the
integrated results of these studies. METHODS: Twenty-one papers of
case-control studies were selected, including 11 on gastric cancer,7 on
precancerous lesion of stomach and 3 on lymphoma of stomach. Meta
analysis was used to sum up the odds ratios (OR) of these studies.
RESULTS: H. pylori vs gastric cancer (intestinal and diffuse type): the
odds ratio from the fixed effect model is 3.0016 (95% CI: 2.4197-3.7234,
P<0.001). H. pylori vs precancerous lesion of stomach: a random effect
model was used to calculate the summary odds ratio and its value is
2.5635 (95% CI: 1.8477-3.5566, P<0.01). H. pylori vs lymphoma of
stomach: though the quantity of literature is too small to make Meta
analysis, the data of these 3 studies show that lymphoma of stomach is
highly associated with H. pylori infections. CONCLUSION: Since it had
been revealed that H. pylori infection pre-exists in gastric carcinoma
and precancerous lesions, the results of Meta analysis present a strong
evidence to support the conclusion that H. pylori infection is a risk
factor for gastric carcinoma.
18
UI - 11911252
AU - Vissers KJ; Riegman PH; Alers JC; Tilanus HW; van Dekken H
TI -
Involvement of cancer-activating genes on chromosomes 7 and 8 in
esophageal (Barrett's) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.
SO - Anticancer Res 2001 Nov-Dec;21(6A):3813-20
AD - Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands.
The incidence of adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus (Barrett's
esophagus) and proximal stomach (gastric cardia) has increased rapidly
over the past decades. In contrast to this dramatic increase, genetic
knowledge is sparse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated genomic
amplification on chromosomes 7 and 8 by comparative genomic
hybridization (CGH) and protein expression of relevant oncogenes (EGFR,
HGF, MET, CTSB, MYC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 22 esophageal and
22 gastric cardia carcinomas. RESULTS: The CGH and IHC patterns were
very similar for the two cancer locations. IHC showed positive
immunostaining in 93% of the adenocarcinomas for at least one of the
investigated genes, whereas CGH disclosed genomic gains on chromosome 7
and/or 8 in 80%. CONCLUSION: Cancer-activating genes on chromosomes 7
and 8 are frequently involved in gastro-esophageal junction
adenocarcinomas. Moreover, the similarities in chromosomal changes and
protein expression patterns strongly suggest that esophageal and gastric
cardia adenocarcinomas have a shared etiology. This is in agreement with
studies addressing gastroesophageal reflux disease and intestinal
metaplasia at these locations.
19
UI - 11997565
AU - Park MS; Yu JS; Kim MJ; Yoon SW; Kim SH; Noh TW; Lee KH; Lee JT; Yoo HS;
TI -
Kim KW
Mucinous versus nonmucinous gastric carcinoma: differentiation with
helical CT.
SO - Radiology 2002 May;223(2):540-6
AD - Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Research Institute of
Radiological Science, Yonsei Univ College of Medicine, Seoul, South
Korea.
PURPOSE: To assess the capability of helical computed tomography (CT) to
assist in the differentiation between mucinous and nonmucinous gastric
carcinomas, with a focus on the thickened stomach wall itself. MATERIALS
AND METHODS: In 62 patients with pathologically proved mucinous (n = 21)
or nonmucinous (n = 41) gastric carcinomas, contrast material-enhanced
helical CT images were obtained. The gross appearance, contrast
enhancement pattern, predominant thickened layer, and degree of
enhancement were retrospectively evaluated. Statistical analyses were
performed with Fisher exact, chi(2), and Student t tests. A P value of
less than.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant
difference. RESULTS: The most common type of gross appearance in both
carcinomas was fungating: It occurred in 71% of patients with mucinous
carcinomas and in 59% of patients with nonmucinous carcinomas. The next
most common gross appearance type was ulcerative (24% of patients) in
nonmucinous carcinomas and diffusely infiltrative (29% of patients) in
mucinous carcinomas (P =.009). The most common contrast enhancement
pattern was homogeneous (61% of patients) in nonmucinous carcinomas and
layered (62% of patients) in mucinous carcinomas (P =.001). These
findings were significantly different. The predominantly affected
thickened layer was the high-attenuating inner layer or the entire layer
(88% of patients) in nonmucinous carcinomas and the low-attenuating
middle or outer layer (57% of patients) in mucinous carcinomas. Only two
mucinous tumors showed miliary punctate calcifications in infiltrative
lesions. CONCLUSION: Helical CT may assist in distinguishing mucinous
from nonmucinous gastric carcinoma, primarily on the basis of
enhancement pattern, predominant layer of the thickened wall, gross
appearance, and presence of calcifications. Copyright RSNA, 2002
20
UI - 12018903
AU - Ito M; Haruma K; Kaya S; Kai H; Masuda H; Ohta M; Sumii M; Tanaka S;
TI -
Yoshihara M; Chayama K
Implication of anti-parietal cell antibody levels in gastrointestinal
diseases, including gastric carcinogenesis.
SO - Dig Dis Sci 2002 May;47(5):1080-5
AD - First Department of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of
Medicine, Japan.
We investigated serum levels of anti-parietal cell antibody (APCA) in
relation to various gastric diseases. Subjects were 224 Japanese
patients including 58 with gastric cancer. All patients underwent
gastroscopy, and APCA was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay. Unexpectedly, there was no difference in APCA levels between
patients with gastric cancer and those with gastritis. Among H.
pylori-positive patients, APCA levels were closely correlated with
grades of atrophy when no gastric cancer was present, but no correlation
was found when gastric cancer was present. APCA-negative gastric cancer
was found mainly in males and was characterized by massive infiltration
of neutrophils in the background mucosa. The 24 patients with gastric
cancer were APCA-negative and showed low pepsinogen levels. The odds
ratio for the incidence of gastric cancer in these patients was 7.90
(95% CI 3.4-18.4). This suggests APCA-negative gastric cancer is the
predominant form of gastric cancer in Japan.
21
UI - 11979413
AU - Terry MB; Gaudet MM; Gammon MD
TI -
The epidemiology of gastric cancer.
SO - Semin Radiat Oncol 2002 Apr;12(2):111-27
AD - Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Department of
Epidemiology, New York, NY 10032, USA.
The epidemiology of gastric cancer is remarkable for both its dramatic
decline in incidence over the past century and its continuing presence
as the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide despite this
decline. Factors including increased consumption of fruits and
vegetables, and decreased intake of salty foods have largely been
credited for the decline. Epidemiologic studies continue to provide data
on other gastric cancer risk factors, including associations with
Helicobacter pylori infection, as well as dietary factors, tobacco, and
alcohol intake. In response to the opposing trends of decreasing distal
gastric cancer and increasing gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, studies are
beginning to identify gastric cancer risk factors separately by tumor
subsite. Future epidemiologic studies that include information on site
of origin as well as molecular markers promise to yield more homogeneous
classification of case groups, which will enhance identification of
underlying disease processes. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA).
All rights reserved.
22
UI - 11979414
AU - El-Rifai W; Powell SM
TI -
Molecular biology of gastric cancer.
SO - Semin Radiat Oncol 2002 Apr;12(2):128-40
AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology,
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in the
world. Gastric adenocarcinomas account for more than 95% of gastric
tumors, whereas gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most
common neoplasms of the rare gastric mesenchymal tumors. Although the
incidence of mid-distal gastric adenocarcinomas is decreasing, the
incidence of gastroesophageal junctional tumors and Barrett's
adenocarcinomas is increasing for unknown reasons. The majority of
gastric tumors are sporadic in nature. However, there are rare,
inherited gastric cancer predisposition traits, such as germline p53
(Li-Fraumeni syndrome) as well as E-cadherin (CDH1) alterations in
familial diffuse gastric cancers. Gastric cancer has been observed to be
part of the spectrum of neoplasms associated with germline mismatch
repair gene (MMR) alterations that give rise to the hereditary
nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) entity. Comparative genomic
hybridization analyses have identified several amplifications and losses
of DNA copy numbers in gastric cancers. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH)
studies have shown several chromosomal loci with significant allelic
loss, thus indicating the possibility of harboring a tumor suppressor
gene important in gastric tumorigenesis. Microsatellite instability
(MIS) and associated alteration of the TGF-bIIR, IGFRII, BAX, E2F-4,
hMSH3, and hMSH6 genes are found in a subset of gastric carcinomas. Cell
adhesion molecule abnormalities such as those involving CDH1 may play an
important role in diffuse-type gastric cancer development. Although,
multiple somatic alterations have been described in gastric carcinomas
at the molecular level, the significance of these changes in gastric
tumorigenesis remains to be established in most instances. The critical
molecular alterations in gastric cancers that may lead to advances in
our armamentarium to combat this lethal disease remain to be fully
characterized. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights
reserved.
23
UI - 11979415
AU - Hundahl SA
TI -
Staging, stage migration, and patterns of spread in gastric cancer.
SO - Semin Radiat Oncol 2002 Apr;12(2):141-9
AD - Queen's Cancer Institute, and the University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
96813, USA. shundahl@queens.org
Background concerning tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging of gastric
cancer is presented, with special attention to the issue of stage
migration. Patterns of spread are also reviewed and current problems in
local-regional control are emphasized. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science
(USA). All rights reserved.
24
UI - 11979416
AU - Gunderson LL
TI -
Gastric cancer--patterns of relapse after surgical resection.
SO - Semin Radiat Oncol 2002 Apr;12(2):150-61
AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Medical School and Mayo
Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
A knowledge of patterns of relapse after initial treatment with surgery
alone is essential to determining the relative importance of both local
(irradiation) and systemic adjuvants (chemotherapy, other) to surgery. A
presentation of anatomic factors and pathways of tumor spread provides a
basis for understanding the subsequent patterns of relapse data found in
clinical, autopsy, and reoperative series. Implications for adjuvant
therapy are summarized. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All
rights reserved.
25
UI - 11895550
AU - Lee TB; Min YD; Lim SC; Kim KJ; Jeon HJ; Choi SM; Choi CH
TI -
Fas (Apo-1/CD95) and Fas ligand interaction between gastric cancer cells
and immune cells.
SO - J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002 Jan;17(1):32-8
AD - Department of Pharmacology, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju,
South Korea.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It has been proposed that the expression of Fas
ligand (Fas L) in tumors may play an important role in immune escape.
This study was undertaken to test a 'counterattack' theory as a
mechanism of immune escape in gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Expression of
Fas and Fas L was examined in the human gastric cancer cell lines using
reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Cytotoxicity was
determined by the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl
tetrazolium bromide] assay. Apoptosis of target Jurkat cells was
examined after coculture with the effector gastric cancer cells in
vitro. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for the detection of
Fas and FasL in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and gastric cancer
cells in vivo. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl
transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method in
vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Fas and FasL mRNA were found to be
differentially expressed in gastric cancer cell lines. The coculture
experiment showed that apoptosis of Jurkat was induced by a
FasL-overexpressing effector gastric cell SNU-484. In a Fas-expressing
gastric cell SNU-638, Fas expression was upregulated by the treatment of
gamma-interferon in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. SNU-638
treated with gamma-interferon was more sensitive to anti-Fas
antibody-mediated cytotoxicity than was the control cell line,
suggesting an increase of functional Fas in gastric cancer cells. The
expression of FasL in gastric cancer cells and of Fas in apoptotic TIL
was also detected in vivo. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that the FasL
expression of gastric cancer cells supports a 'counterattack theory' in
gastric cancer cells and that the upregulation of Fas by IFN-gamma in
SNU-638 may accelerate the apoptosis pathway through the Fas and FasL
interaction between gastric cancer cells and immune cells. This result
is supported by the expression of FasL in gastric cancer cells and
apoptotic TIL in vivo. It is implicated that the different biological
behaviors of gastric cancer cells could be at least in part explained by
Fas and FasL interaction with immune cells.
26
UI - 11992556
AU - Takezaki T; Gao CM; Wu JZ; Li ZY; Wang JD; Ding JH; Liu YT; Hu X; Xu TL;
TI -
Tajima K; Sugimura H
hOGG1 Ser(326)Cys polymorphism and modification by environmental factors
of stomach cancer risk in Chinese.
SO - Int J Cancer 2002 Jun 1;99(4):624-7
AD - Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research
Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
ttakezak@aichi-cc.jp
Oxidative stress is involved in many types of DNA damage, e.g.,
resulting in 8-hydroxyguanine adducts. Since a human counterpart exists
for the yeast gene OGG1 (hOGG1) encoding an enzyme that repairs
8-hydroxyguanine, its polymorphism, Ser(326)Cys, might have potential as
a genetic marker for cancer susceptibility. To investigate its
association with stomach cancer risk and possible interactions with
environmental factors, we conducted a case-control study of 101 stomach
cancer cases and 198 controls using PCR-single-strand conformation
polymorphism and a questionnaire approach. The proportional distribution
of the Cys/Cys alleles did not differ between stomach cancer cases and
controls, but subgroup analyses revealed that a frequent drinking habit
elevated the odds ratio (OR) for stomach cancer in Cys/Cys compared to
Ser/Ser and Ser/Cys carriers. The ORs with frequent consumption of
pickled vegetables and meat tended to be higher in Cys/Cys than in
Ser/Ser and Ser/Cys carriers, these interactions being on the borderline
of statistical significance. Our findings suggest that the hOGG1
Ser(326)Cys polymorphism may alter the impact of some environmental
factors on stomach cancer development. For confirmation, an additional
study with a larger number of subjects is now required. Copyright 2002
Wiley-Liss, Inc.
27
UI - 11960057
AU - Lowenfels AB; Maisonneuve P
TI -
Associated primary tumors in patients with gastric cancer.
SO - J Clin Gastroenterol 2002 May-Jun;34(5):501-2
28
UI - 11960064
AU - Dinis-Ribeiro M; Lomba-Viana H; Silva R; Moreira-Dias L; Lomba-Viana R
TI -
Associated primary tumors in patients with gastric cancer.
SO - J Clin Gastroenterol 2002 May-Jun;34(5):533-5
AD - Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia, Rua
Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
mario@med.up.pt
GOAL: To determine the prevalence of associated primary tumors in
patients with gastric cancer. STUDY: Retrospective study of 2,668
patients with gastric cancer observed at our department between July
and Gates criteria, and included tumors that were not considered to be a
metastasis, invasion, or
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